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二次世界大战丘吉尔临危受命之演说片段。
◎丘吉尔向国会发表「血、汗与泪」这篇演说时,二次世界大战正逐渐进入白热化的阶段。德国纳粹的军队在欧陆势如破竹,对隔着英吉利海峡的英国则进行大规模的日夜轰炸,声言要夷平伦敦,企图迫使英国屈服。面对危急存亡的关头,向来采取怀柔政策的前首相张伯伦(Chamberlain)已无法支撑大局,被迫在五月十日辞职下台。同一天,丘吉尔临危受命,组织新政府,成为新的英国首相。
Blood, Sweat and Tears 血、汗与泪
I considered it in the public interest to suggest that the House should be summoned to meet today. Mr. Speaker agreed, and took the necessary steps, in accordance with the powers conferred upon him by the Resolution of the House. At the end of the proceedings today, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until Tuesday, May 21, with, of course, provision for earlier meeting if need be. The business to be considered during that week will be notified to Members at the earliest opportunity.
为全国大众的利益着想,我建议下议院今天应该召开会议。议长礼生已经同意,也按照下议院决议赋予他的权力,采取了必要的步骤。今天戚议结束时,将会提议下议院休会到五月二十一日星期二,当然,附带的决议是,如有必要,可提早复会。休会一周期所考虑的事情奖会尽早通知各内阁阁员。
I now invite the House, by the Resolution which stands in my name, to record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its confidence in the new Government.
现在依据我所签署的决议,请求下议院将它同意行的步骤正式记录下来,并宣示它对新政府的信任。
To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself, but it must be remembered that we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean, that the air battle is continuous and that many preparations have to be made here at home.
要组一个这种规棤而又这样复杂的政府本来就是艰难的事情,但我们要记得,我们正处在历史上最大一次战争的初期阶段,我们在挪威与荷兰很多地方正在作战,我们必须在地中海地区做准备,空战正在持续进行中,而在国内这里也必须做很多准备。
In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today. I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction, will make all allowance for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.
在这个危急存亡的时刻,如果今天我对下议院的演讲不够详尽,还希望多予体谅。在这次政治改组中,希望受到影响的朋友。同事,或以前的再事能原谅我的失礼,这也是不得已的做法。
I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this Government: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat." We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering.
正如我对加入新政府的人员说过的,我现在也要对下院说:「除了血、苦干,泪与汗之外,我没有甚么可以奉献的。」我们面对的是一次最严苛的考验。在我们面前的将是很长很长的艰苦岁月。
You ask, What is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory---victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival. Let that be realized; no survival for the British Empire; no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal.
你们问:我们的政策是甚么?我的回答是:尽我们最大力量,运用上帝赋予我们的一切能力,在海上、陆上和空中进行奋战:奋力对抗一个穷凶极恶的敌人,其残暴在令人悲痛的黑色罪录上是前所未见的。那就是我们的政策。
你们问:我自后的目标是甚么?我可以用一个字来回答:胜利------不惜一切代价的胜利、不畏恐怖的胜利,不管道号可能多么漫长艰苦;因为濡有胜利,就无法生存。这点我们必须了解,大英帝国无法生存,大英帝国代表的一切便不复存在,而推动时代前进、使人类迈向目标的一切动力也不会再有。
But I take up my task with buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of all, and I say, "Come, then, let us go forward together with our united strength."
但我满怀快乐和希望,努力肩负起我的职责。我确信,我们的理想在人类之间不会遭到失败。这个时候我觉得我有理由要求所有其它人的协助。我要说的是,「奋起吧,我们要团结一致,全力以赴,共同向前迈进。」
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★在演说中,丘吉尔以他犀利有力的言词,一再展现他作为一位领袖的坚定意志和刚毅果断的性格。在前面七段中,他首先说明组阁的经过和国际局势的发展。由于时机急迫,他一天之内便组成了一个代表各党派团体一致的「战争内阁」(War Cabinet),快速巩固领导中心,充分显示他处事的魄力和明快果断的作风。第八段至第十段是全篇演说最有力的部分。丘吉尔对他的决心、政策和目标都作了明确的宣示。他告诉英国人民:他的决心是:「除了血、苦干、泪和汗之外,我没有什么可以奉献的。」(I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.)
★他的政策是:「尽我们最大力量,运用上帝赋予我们的一切能力,在海上、陆上和空中进行奋战。」 (to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us.) 他的目标是:「胜利~~不惜一切代价的胜利,不畏恐怖的胜利,胜利,不管道路可能多么漫长艰苦;因为没有胜利,就无法生存。」(Victory--victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.) 这几句铿锵有力的话,已成了战时英国人用来相互激励的名言。而丘吉尔自己更是以身作则,抱定与伦敦共存亡的决心,无论德机轰炸多么惨烈,他都坚守伦敦,没有离开过伦敦一步。
★就在丘吉尔这种坚定果决的领导下,,英国始能上下一心,人人士气高昂,奋起抗敌,终于粉碎德国纳粹的企图,扭转整个战局,赢得最后的胜利。因此在英国人的心目中,丘吉尔是国家民族的救星,也是国家民族的骄傲。而他这篇「血、汗与泪」的演讲,也将永垂青史,成为见证二次世界大战最有力的文献!
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